Permutation-lock



(Mode1.) 7 2, Sheets-Sheet 1.

B. J. DOUDS.

PERMUTATION LOCK.

No. 396,273. Patented Jan. 15, 1889.

WITNESSES & & r

INVENTORv .dttor'ney (ModeL) 2 SheetsSheet '2.. B. J. DOUDS.

PERMUTATION LOOK.

Patented Jan. 15, 1889.

IIIIIIIA w UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

BYRON J. DOUDS, OF CANTON, OHIO.

PERMUTATION-LOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 396,273, dated January 15, 1889. Application filed January 28, 1888. Serial No. -262,205. (No model.)

.To all. whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, BYRON J. DOUDs, of Canton, in the county of Stark and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Locks; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in looks, and particularly to that class known as permutation-locks.

The object of my present invention is to produce a lock for doors which shall be composed of a small number of separate parts, and hence not liable to get out of order.

A further object is to so construct the lock that its bolt may be withdrawn by a predetermined combination of turns of a cam-disk.

A further object is to provide a lock with a disk having cam projections thereon to produce a series of paths or passages for a pin which actuates the bolt.

A further object is to producea lock which shall be simple in construction. and operation and cheap to manufacture.

A further object is to so construct the device that the operator maybe guided in operating the lock by a series of predetermined signals or stoppings of the key or manual perceptions.

IVith these objects in view my invention consists in the novel construction and pe culiar combination and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a face view of my improved lock with one plate of the COl'ltftllllllg-fitCO removed. Fig. 2 is a face view of the same, showing the position of the bolt. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line m a; of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a view of a modification of the bolt mechanism. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are views of modifications.

A indicates a casing having front and rear plates, a a, and connecting portions a this casingbeing adapted to be secured to a door, I), by means of bolts or screws a or otherwise, as desired. The rear plate, a, of case A is projected rearwardly to produce a recess, 1), for

the accommodation of some of the working parts of the device. Projecting inwardly from the inn er face of the plate a, and Within the recess b, is a circular flange, c,which acts as a bearing for one end of a hub, O, ofa cam-disk, D, the opposite extremity of said hub being supported by means of a projection, 0, made integral with the outer face of the disk, and

seated in a perforation, 0 in the center of the front plate, a, of the casing, as shown in Fig. 3. The hub O is furnished at its center with a perforation, 0 preferably having a square interior for the reception of a similarlyshaped key, D, adapted to be extended through the door to which the lock is applied and through an escutcheon, E, fixed to the door, a knob, D being provided upon the free end of the keyD', by which to operate it. The key is retained to its seat within the hub O by means of a pin, 6, passing throughatransverse perforation in the key D, preferably explained. If preferred, in lieu of the last' described arrangement the hub may be provided on its periphery with a series of pointed projections to engage a V-shaped notch in the spring-arm H, as shown in Fig. 5.

The disk D is provided on one face, near its periphery, with a flange or wall, I, which, when the parts are in the positions shown in Fig. 1, is furnished near the top of the disk with an inwardly-proj ecting shaped cam, J, and immediately adjacent to this cam project-ion a recess, f, is made in the flange I. Located at a point on the face of the disk inwardly from the side wall of the recess f is a cam, K, so shaped asto produce a passage, g, between it and one end wall of the recess, at one end, and a passage, g, between the opposite end wall of the recess and projection J and the upper end of said cam K. This cam is also provided at its upper end with an inwardly-proj ecting portion, K. Secured to or made integral with the face of the disk a short distance from the hub C is a series of three downwardly-projecting V=shaped cams, h h 7L2, preferably connected together at their upper ends, the top edges of said projections thus producing an arc of a circle concentric with the hub C. A cam, 7L3, projecting from the face of the disk, extends from the top of cam 7L2 first in an upwardly direction, then outwardly and upwardly and for a short dis tance parallel with the inner face of the block K, leaving a passage, f, between it and said block.

A cam, i, projecting from the disk D midway between the wall I and cam h, starts at a point somewhat beyond said proj eetion and extends in a curved direction. parallel with the wall I to a point below the end of the cam h, where it is extended upwardly parallel wit-h a portion of the wall of said cam 72., as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. A short distance below this cam i is another cam,j, located midway between the wall I and cam 71 and has one end extended upwardly parallel with one face of the cam h. Located between the cam h and wall I is another cam, k, having one end extended upwardly between this cam 7L2 and the lower end of the block K. Projecting from the wall 1, between the camsj k, is a tooth or cam, Z, which preferably points in a direction toward the upwardly-extending portion of the cam j.

Projecting from the upper portion or half of the face of the disk D is a series of mental flanges, m m m commencing at a point on the disk diametrically opposite to the recess f. The flanges m m extend in a curved direction to a point on a line parallel with one face of the cam J, while the flange m extends to a point slightly below the cam K of the block K. The flanges m m are connected at one end, hi the corresponding end of the flange m being made to connect with a portion of the periphery of the hub 0, thus producing a passage between the flange m and the hub, and it will be seen that the hub C also forms one wall of a passage, having the tops of the cams 7L h 7L2 for its opposite wall.

By arranging the flanges, blocks, and cams on the face of the disk D, as above described, it will be seen that a series of circuitous or tortuous passages are produced which are utilized in the operation of the lock in the manner which will presently appear.

Pivoted to the casing A above, and preferably to one side of the center, is a pendulumlever, N, which projects overa portion of the face of the disk, and is provided with an. inwardly-proj ecting pin, 0, rigidly fixed to it at a point advisably below its center, said pin being adapted to enter and pass through the passages on the face of the disk when the latter is rotated. A spring, 0, is fixed to a lug or project-ion, a, secured to the casing A, and, being extended across said casing, is adapted to bear at or near its free end upon the lever N near its lower extremity and prevent said lever from accidentally moving from the position to which it is moved by the disk I) through the medium of the pin 0. Another spring, is secured at one end to the casing and bears at its free extremity upon a projection, 0 on the bolt F, as shown in Fig. 2, and thus maintains the bolt within the keeper. The opposite end of the bolt is furnished with a projection, 0, against which the lower end of the lever is adapted to abut and slide the bolt back out of the keeper G.

111 lieu of the pendulum-lever N the arrangement of bolt shown in Fig. 4 may be adopted. With this arrangement the pin 0 will be rigidly secured to the bolt F near its rear end, or to the rear end of a U-shaped plate, F, adjacent to the bolt. \V hen the pin 0 is attached to the plate F, said plate will be made wider than the bolt F and furnished at the free extremities of its arms F F with inwardly-projecting shoulders 19 1), adapted to engage laterally-protruding lugs 11 p on the bolt F, and thus cause said bolt to be moved rearwardly against the action of the spring 0 when the disk D is operated. If the pin 0 be attached directly to the bolt, the plate F and spring 0 will be dispensed with.

The preferred form of my device, being constructed and arranged as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is operated as follows: Assuming the position of the pin 0 shown in Fig. 1 to be the starting-point and the end of the bolt within the keeper, as shown in Fig. 2, the key D will be turned in the direction indicated by the arrow until the V-shaped projection of the spring H has passed four notches, (Z, of the hub O, and thus produce four engagements perceptible to the hand of the operator. As there are eight notches on the periphery of the hub, it will be seen that the movement just described will cause the disk D to make a half-revolution and the pin 0 to travel in the tortuous path to a point diametrically opposite the starting-point and in the passage f The key will then be turned one notch in the reverse direction, and the pin caused to strike the end of the cam 7t, and thus be deflected into the passage f between the cams 7t and flange I.

3y now turning the key one notch in the first direction the pin will be caused to strike the beveled end of the block K, and thus be guided into the recess f of the flange I. During the above-described operation the lower end of the lever Nwill make contact with the projection O on the bolt F, and when the pin enters the recess f the withdrawing of the bolt will be completed, and the lever N and bolt will assume the positions shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2. It will be seen that during the operation of the device, as above explained, the disk D makes a half-revolution and the port-ion of the disk having the recess f is carried to the opposite side of the casing to that shown in Fig. 1.

The combination of each lock is determined by the arrangement of cams and passages 011 the disk, and each lock is arranged to be operated by a single combination of turns and stops, the combination for operating the particular lock shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 being as above described.

hen it is desired to cause the bolt to be thrown, it is simply necessary to turn the disk sufficiently to cause the pin to ride off the block K. IVhen it is desired to again withdraw the bolt, the disk is turned (to the left with the disk shown in Figs. 1, 2, and until the pin finds its way to the starting-point, when the disk cannot be turned farther. The combination of turns above described is then made to withdraw the bolt.

In the modified form of my invention shown in Fig. 5 a cam, Q, is made to project from the face of the disk D and serve as one wall of a circuitous passage. IVithin the space marked by the cam Q are cams Q Q which, when the disk is in the position shown in Fig. 5, are at one side of the hub O and removed a short distance from each other, and a third cam, Q, is located above the hub 0, near the upper portion of the flange Q. A flange or wall, Q projecting from the plate D, extends upwardly from the cam Q in a line parallel with the cam Q and produces a passage, Q Another flange or wall, Q projecting from the face of the disk, extends downwardly from the cam Q to a point between the cams Q and Q thus producing a passage between it and the flange A flange, Q, extends from the cam Q parallel with the hub to the other side thereof and produces one wall of the startingpassage Q. The pendulum-arm N, carrying the pin oto enter the passages justmentioned, will also be provided for this form of device. The end of the passage Q is preferably closed, so that the disk cannot be turned in the wrong direction when the operation of withdrawing the bolt is commenced. Vhen the bolt is in the keeper, the cams and passages on the face of the disk will be in the reverse positions to that shown in Fig. 5, and the pin 0 will be at the starting-point Q. By'turning the disk in the direction of the arrow until the springarm has passed four points or notches of the hub (J the pin 0 will move in the passage Q, and, striking the cam-surface of the cam Q will be deflected into the path Q The key is then turned in the reverse direction two notches, when the pin strikes the cam Q" and is deflected into the path Q. The keyis now turned in the first direction two notches, carrying the pin 0 into the portion Q of the path Q. During this operation the bolt will be withdrawn by the lever N in the same manner as previously described.

In the modification shown in Fig. 6 the parts are arranged substantially the same as in Fig. 5, with the exception of the arrange 'ment of the passage at the starting-point.

As seen in Fig. 6, the passage Q is made continuous, and a cam, T, placed at the starting-point q. 'ith this arrangement a dialplate having figures thereon will be secured to the key D, and in such case the spring H and notches on the periphery of the hub may be dispensed with.

In Fig. 7 is shown another arrangement of cams, passages, &c. Vith this arrangement a portion of the periphery of the hub C may be made octagonal, and the spring II in such case will be a simple flat spring-bar adapted to bear upon the flat faces of the octagon Projecting from the face of the disk D is a series of concentric segmental flanges, R R R producing passages or ways R R R". The outer extremity of the flange R is made to project outwardly to produce a cam, B. At the opposite end of the flange R a detent, S, is pivoted and adapted to rest upon the flange R and normally close the passage B, being held to its place by means of a spring, S, secured at one end to the flange R and bearing at its free end upon the top of said detent. A detent, S is pivoted at the end of the flange R opposite to the detent S, and adapted to rest upon the flange R and close the passage R this detent also being normally held to its place by means of a spring, S, secured to the flange R. Projecting from the face of the disk, and extending outwardly from the hub C, is a hook-shaped flange, S, and a detent, S pivoted to one end of the flange R, bears upon the flange S, as shown in Fig.7, a spring, S, being secured to the flangeR and adapted to bear upon the detent and retain it to 1ts position. The pin 0 and lever N, above alluded to, will also be used with this form of the device, and a spring, U, is secured at one end to the casing and bears at its opposite end upon the lever N, to maintain the pin 111 its passage or way when the device is operated.

lVhen it is desired to withdraw the bolt, the parts are made to assume the reverse position to that shown in Fig. 7, the pin obeing at the starting-point in the hook-shaped flange S. I

The key is now turned until the spring-arm II has passed four faces of the octagon on the hub C, this movement causing the pin 0 to move along the flange R until it has passed the detent S which will be raised by the pin. The disk is then turned in the reverse direction two stops, which will cause the pin to strike the detent S at the opposite side, and be caused thereby to be deflected and made to ride upon the flange R until it passes the detent S, which it raises in its passage. Having passed this detent, the disk is turned two stops in the first direction, and the pin, striking the opposite face of the detent, is caused to be deflected and travel upon the flange R and ride upon the cam R IVhen the pin 0 reaches this point, the lever N has withdrawn the bolt in the manner before described.

In lieu of the notched periphery of the hub C and the spring-arm II within the casing A, a toothed wheel may be secured to thekeyD on the outside of the door, and a spring-arm also fixed to the door to engage it, a small box or cover being provided to protect said parts.

It will be seen that the teeth, notches, or

fiat faces on the hub C are simply different forms of the same thing, and may be modified in any desired manner, a spring-ar1n of suit able construction being used with the form adopted, so that when the disk D is turned in either direction said spring-arm II will engage the notches, teeth, or H at faces and prod uce a stop of the disk. The spring arm should engage the hub with su fficient firmness to make these stops of the disk perceptible to the hand of the operator through the medium of a key, and yet allow the disk to be turned in either direction when more force is applied by the operator. These stoppings of the disk are intended to notify the operator when the disk has been turned a sufficient distance in either direction to operate the lock in the manner above described.

It is obvious that projections maybe placed directly upon one' face of the disk D to produce notches, teeth, flat faces, or stops, and the spring-arm ll secured to the lock-casing in any preferred manner; or notches may be made upon the key, if desired.

By providing a lock with such a signaling device it may be operated by a predetermined combination of stops of the disk manually perceptible to the operator, the disk being first turned a certain number of stops in one direction, then a certain number in the reversedirection, and so on until the bolt is withdrawn. Such an arrangement is highly advantageous, as the lock can be operated in the dark, no dial-plate being necessary, and in the presence of other persons, as the engagement of the spring-arm with the notches of the hub C or disk D are practically inaudible and simply felt by the hand of the operator, thus preventing other persons from learning the combination by hearing the engagement of the spring-arm.

It is evident that slight changes might be made in the constructive details of my invention without departing from the spirit thereof;

hence I do not wish to limit myself to the eX- act form of construction of parts as herein de scribed; but, 7

Having fully described my invention,what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a lock, the combination, with a disk having cams and stops, of a movable device provided with a pin adapted to be engaged by the cams, and a spring adapted by its engagement with the stops to yieldingly hold the disk for the purpose of indicating the position of the pin on the face of the disk.

2. In a lock, the combination, with a disk having a series of cams thereon, of a pendulum-lever engaged by the cams on the disk, and abolt engaged and operated by said lever.

3. In a lock, the combination, with a disk having a series of cams and passages on one face, of a pendulum-lever engaged by the said cams, a sliding bolt operated by said lever, and a spring exerting pressure on the bolt in one direction, substantially as set forth.

4. In a lock, the combination, with a disk having a series of cams and passages on one face and a series of stops, of a pendulum-lever having a laterally-projecting pin adapted to traverse said passages and engage said cams, and a spring-arm located in position to engage the stops on the disk, substantially as set forth.

5. In a lock, the combination, with a casing and a disk having a series of cams and passages on one face thereof, of a movable device having a pin adapted to traverse the passages and engage the cams, a spring bearing upon the device, and mechanism for operating the disk, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BYRON J. DOUDS.

\Vitnesses:

FRANK DoUDs, PETER L. PIERSON. 

